Advanced Medium and High voltage Circuit Breaker
I propose a novel medium- and high-voltage circuit breaker capable of interrupting both alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) using atmospheric air as the insulation medium. The breaker employs two opposing moving arms that rotate laterally, with nine disconnection points organized in three parallel branches (three points per branch). Auxiliary circuits—including a superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL), a tuning circuit (coil and capacitor), a fast-acting switch, surge arrestor, and rate-of-rise-of-recovery-voltage (RRRV) control—reduce disconnection time, limit short-circuit current, and suppress discharge voltage. The architecture distributes voltage across multiple disconnection points, enabling high-voltage operation with lower per-point stress, and offers potential environmental, cost, and lifetime advantages relative to SF6- or oil-based breakers. Reported mechanism: disconnection within 5–7 ms, with safety margins from distributed insulation and optimized geometry. The manuscript discusses the technical approach, operating principles, and implications for environmental impact and scalability.
[1] The interruption time is relatively long. Sometimes the circuit breaker cannot disconnect large electrical currents, as the disconnection contacts may get hot to the point of sticking together or even melting, and the circuit breaker may explode.
[2] Medium voltage circuit breakers cannot take place of high voltage circuit breakers. As the circuit breaker is exposed to a discharge voltage greater than the system voltage during the process of disconnecting the circuit and the value may reach 160%.
[3] Oil-based circuit breakers or sulfur hexafluoride gas may leak, leading them to stop their work or causing severe pollution in the atmosphere. This is in addition to their high cost, and air is not used in the case of high and ultra-high voltages, but this problem has been solved with this invention, which relies on disconnection points. Consecutive and parallel branches and the breaker arms can move up, down, right and left.
[1] The electrical circuit breaker is developed with this invention to consist of two parts that move up and down and rotate on opposite sides at an angle ranging from 45 to 90 degrees in order to reduce the value of the electric spark and increase the speed of its extinction. The circuit breaker consists of successive stages of disconnection points in parallel branches so that medium voltage circuit breakers can operate at high voltages. Adding auxiliary circuits to reduce the disconnection time and reduce the value of the short circuit current, as well as the discharge voltage when a short circuit occurs. These circuits are extremely important in the case of continuous current. The circuit breaker relies on air as an electrical insulation medium to extinguish the spark and as an alternative to oil and sulfur hexafluoride gas, which pollutes the air, and also to reduce the cost and price of circuit breakers.
Yes, it has major gap in prior art as [1] it can work for both AC & DC systems and in MV & HV levels of voltages. [2] The circuit breaker relies on air as insulation medium (as a medium to suppress the electric spark) and on the presence of auxiliary circuits to reduce the disconnection time and reduce the values of the short-circuit current and the electrical discharge voltage.
[3] The circuit breaker can consist of successive phases of disconnection points in the case of high voltages to distribute the voltage to those points. [4] It can trip the fault within range of 4-7 ms.
Complete Specification
| Country | Current Status | Patent Application Number | Patent Applicant | Patent Number | Title | Google Patent Link |
| Egypt | Pending | EG/P/2022/1486 | Mahmoud Ahmed Saad | EG/P/2022/1486 | Advanced Medium and High voltage Circuit Breaker | Click to open |